1. Organization structure of sewage treatment plant

The production and operation functions of sewage plant are mainly realized by the plant Department, operation Department (including central control room and each section), power maintenance department (including electrician team and maintenance team) and laboratory, and the operation department shall guide the operation of each section. The power and equipment maintenance system of sewage plant mainly consists of daily maintenance, regular maintenance, fault maintenance and improvement maintenance.

In addition to the operation of sewage treatment system, the personnel of the operation Department are also responsible for the daily maintenance of the equipment, including daily inspection and simple routine maintenance, such as lubricating oil, cleaning, cleaning and cleaning filter, fastening and adjusting equipment of small parts (generally, the working task time is about 0.5 hours). Power maintenance department is mainly responsible for regular maintenance, fault maintenance and improvement maintenance of equipment. The laboratory is directly under the jurisdiction of the drainage company, and is actually located in the sewage plant, and works closely with the operation department under the coordination of the factory director. The sewage into the plant dispatching is carried out by the plant Department with the assistance of the operation Department and the discharge pipe office and the pump station.

2. Water quality monitoring index

The water quality monitoring indexes shall be implemented according to the level determined in the emission standard of pollutants of urban sewage treatment plants GB18918-2002 and the environmental impact assessment report approved when the plant is built. The detection cycle of each test item shall be carried out according to cjj60-94 technical regulations for operation, maintenance and safety of urban sewage treatment plants.

That is, pH value, SS, BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N, TN, TP are once a day, fecal coliform count is once a week, and other detection indexes are tested every six months. In order to ensure that the sewage treatment plant can meet the requirements of the Environmental Protection Bureau, the general drainage company will properly improve the monitoring standards for the sewage treatment plants.

3. Performance evalsuation index of sewage treatment plant by drainage company

The technical assessment indexes of the drainage company for the sewage treatment plant shall include at least the following scope.

Water quality: the water quality standard rate of effluent: CODCr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, TN and TP are sampled once every two hours, and the 24h mixed sample is taken, which is calculated as the daily average. Fecal coliform index is once a week.

Water quality compliance rate (%) = (total number of qualified monthly inspection indexes - unqualified number) *100/ total number of monthly inspection indexes

Water quantity: untreated sewage overflow rate (%) = (water delivery of intake pump station - actual treatment capacity of sewage plant) *100/ water delivery capacity of pump station

Completion rate of laboratory task: completion rate of test task (%) = (actual test items *100) / number of items to be tested according to project and frequency

Equipment and instrument integrity rate: equipment and instrument integrity rate (%) = (number of units in good condition *100) / total number of units assessed

Duration of continuous irresponsible casualty (days)

With the improvement of the company's organization and management experience, other indicators can be gradually included in the scope of assessment.

4. Prerequisites for initial operation of the system

Personnel training: the initial operation of the system is an important step before the sewage treatment plant is put into normal operation. The operators should accumulate experience for the normal operation of the system after this stage. Before the system is put into operation for the first time, the post training and safety training for all employees shall be completed.

Cleaning, corrosion prevention and equipment fastening of each unit treatment structure: the sewage treatment plant may not be shut down for a long time after it is put into normal operation. Therefore, the garbage and sundries in all structures shall be removed before the initial operation of the system, and the painting, corrosion prevention and fastening of structures and mechanical equipment shall be carefully checked and repaired.

System single machine commissioning and structure water seepage test: system single machine commissioning and structure water seepage test shall include all process pools, process equipment, auxiliary equipment, gate valve and weir gate of water treatment system and mud treatment system before the initial operation of the system. The civil subcontractor and equipment supplier and installation unit shall complete the project separately, and submit the single unit commissioning and structure water seepage test report. Meanwhile, it is necessary to check the elevation requirements in the process, for example, the elevation of each brush is consistent and coordinate with the elevation of the weir gate. The relevant personnel of sewage treatment plant shall participate in the work and accept the single unit commissioning and water seepage test.

Inspection of water inlet and outlet conditions: before the initial operation of the system, the sewage collection system shall have the capacity of collecting and improving sewage, and be able to control the inflow and inflow period through the sewage collection control system. Meanwhile, the outlet pipe of the sewage treatment plant shall be connected with the receiving water body to ensure that the tail water after treatment by the sewage treatment plant can be discharged into the receiving water body.

Review the water passing capacity of process flow during design load: check the water passing capacity of process flow during design load refers to whether the water passing capacity from inlet lifting pump to outlet can reach design load. Since it has passed single machine commissioning, sewage can be used for recheck to save water. In case of any problem, the Contractor shall be informed to carry out the reconstruction until the design load is reached.

System linkage: the linkage of the new sewage treatment plant system shall be completed by the general contractor. The purpose of the system linkage test is to check the operation of equipment, the monitoring and control ability of process parameters and the coordination of the operation between the inspection equipment. During the process of system linkage, the operation of automatic control and field control system shall be adjusted.

5. Selection of inoculated sludge

The sludge of inoculation shall be the surplus sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant nearby. In order to reduce the transportation pressure, the sludge after dehydration and drying shall be taken. Generally, the activated sludge is cultured in a group of oxidation ditch, and then it is pumped into the second group by the reflux sludge pump after successful culture.

6. Acclimation of activated sludge (taking oxidation ditch as an example)

   The first stage

Feed water into the oxidation ditch reaction tank and start the underwater pusher. When the water level from continuous water inflow to oxidation ditch reaches 1/3 of the designed effective water depth, inoculated sludge shall be evenly put into the oxidation ditch reaction tank, and the aeration system of blast air shall be adopted to start aeration, and the water level from continuous water inflow to the oxidation ditch reaction tank reaches the designed operation level (the rotary brush or disc aeration system is adopted, and aeration will start at this time), The aeration amount is increased gradually to the maximum in the continuous water inflow after the sludge inoculation.

After the water level of oxidation ditch reaches the designed operation level, the water enters into the secondary sedimentation tank continuously. When the secondary sedimentation tank enters water for 2 hours, start the sludge scraper and sludge return pump of the sedimentation tank, so that the activated sludge deposited in the secondary sedimentation tank can be collected quickly in the initial stage of sludge domestication and then returned to the biological treatment tank. The sludge return rate should be adjusted by observing the condition of the sludge return. Generally, the sludge return ratio should be controlled between 50-100%.

When the secondary sedimentation tank reaches the normal operation water level, the activated sludge condition shall be observed and the water inflow shall be controlled until there is fuzzy floc. At this time, the water can be properly fed, and the water can be replaced to supplement nutrients. The water exchange can be controlled at 25% of the capacity of the oxidation ditch tank and repeat the above operation. When the secondary sedimentation tank begins to overflow, the subsequent sewage treatment process, such as disinfection process, is started.

After the water level of biological treatment tank reaches the normal operation level, the DO concentration value (through dissolved oxygen meter) in oxidation ditch shall be monitored at any time to judge whether the aeration is sufficient and make corresponding adjustment. During the process of activated sludge domestication, the concentration of dissolved oxygen should meet the following three possible situations:

a) The dissolved oxygen concentration in the sludge of water inlet and return is low; More oxygen is needed;

b) When the water is anoxic, enough dissolved oxygen is needed to change it into an oxygen filled environment;

c) When the nutrients in the sewage are rich, a large amount of dissolved oxygen is needed to meet the growth of microorganisms.

During the process of sludge domestication, the minimum concentration of dissolved oxygen shall be ensured to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the outlet of oxidation ditch is not less than 1.0mg/l. In the first stage of activated sludge acclimation, due to the low concentration of activated sludge, a large amount of foam may be generated during aeration process. In the actual operation process, corresponding treatment measures are taken, such as spraying water droplets and other measures to remove foam.

   The second stage

After sludge domestication enters the second stage, the 30 minute sedimentation ratio (SV) and nutrient parameters of activated sludge should be monitored while the dissolved oxygen is monitored. In the process of monitoring the settlement ratio of activated sludge, it can be found that the color of mud water mixture is almost the same as that of water inlet in the first few days of this stage. With the increase of aeration time, the particles of mud water mixture become larger, the settlement performance becomes better, and the color gradually becomes black brown.

In this stage, the sedimentation ratio of activated sludge can reach 20%. The purpose of the test of nutrients is to provide conditions for the growth of microorganisms. The parameter bod:n:p of nutrients in the process of acclimation of activated sludge should be controlled at about 100:5:1. If the parameter cannot be reached, nutrition should be added to adjust.

   The third stage

After the acclimation of activated sludge has entered the third stage, the acclimation of activated sludge is basically completed. In this stage, the key parameters of mud water mixture shall be monitored, analyzed and controlled strictly in accordance with the analysis plan listed in table 3-1 of sample, and relevant data shall be saved for reference for normal operation of the system.

When the concentration of activated sludge reaches the specified range and is relatively stable, it can be considered that the acclimatization of activated sludge is basically completed. After biochemical and precipitation treatment, SS of effluent should meet the standard. In this stage, the residual sludge shall be discharged according to the actual operation conditions.

   Stage 4

The purpose of this stage is to record the operation parameters, namely, the 30 minute sedimentation ratio (SV), biological microscopy, sludge reflux ratio and residual sludge discharge. It provides reference for the normal operation of the system. When the influent concentration is low and the sludge growth is poor, the sludge return ratio should be increased, and the sludge return ratio should be reduced when the sludge expands.

During this stage of sludge domestication and during normal operation of the system, the sludge return ratio shall be strictly controlled. If the sludge return ratio is not guaranteed, the following phenomena may occur:

There is not enough activated sludge to deal with pollutants. This usually occurs one or two weeks before the system starts; If the sludge return is relatively small, the sludge will stay in the sedimentation tank for a long time, and the sludge will undergo anaerobic reaction in the secondary sedimentation tank, which may appear up floating and odor; The sludge formed a thick sludge layer in the secondary sedimentation tank, which may lead to the high suspended solid concentration of effluent; When there is enough dissolved oxygen concentration, the activated sludge will produce nitrification in the biological treatment tank, which may lead to denitrification in the sedimentation tank, which may lead to the increase of sludge quantity.

After the fourth stage of sludge domestication and after the completion of sludge domestication, the operating parameters of activated sludge should be within the design control range and relatively stable.

7. Temperature requirements

Temperature is one of the environmental factors affecting sludge domestication. All kinds of microorganisms grow in a specific range of temperature. The temperature range of sludge domestication is 10-40 ℃, and the best temperature is 20-30 ℃. Therefore, it is suggested that the initial operation of the system should not be carried out in winter.

8. PH requirements

PH value is also one of the factors. The pH of the system should be controlled between 6-9 during sludge domestication and normal operation.

9. Nutrient requirements

Good nutrition condition is the premise of metabolism and growth of bacteria. In the process of sludge domestication, the parameters of nutrients should be controlled at about 100:5:1 of bod:n:p, which provides a good growth condition for sludge domestication.

10. Do requirements

Do is the main control index in the process of sludge domestication. In the process of sludge domestication, do range should be controlled at 0.5-2.0mg / L（ The measurement point of dissolved oxygen concentration is 4.5m downstream of the water of the disc aerator). Do can be detected by dissolved oxygen analyzer or by manual detection to understand the change rule of do in the pool.

11. Requirements for the concentration of suspended solids in the mixture (MLSS)

Biology is the active part of sludge and the main body of organic metabolism, which plays a major role in biological treatment process. The MLSS value of sludge concentration in mixed liquid can be used to represent the biological part. The concentration of activated sludge should be controlled at 2-4G / L.

12. Requirements for Biophase microscopy of sludge

Activated sludge is in different growth stages, and various microorganisms also show different proportion. Bacteria are responsible for the basic and basic metabolism of decomposing organic matter, while protozoa (including posterity) devour free bacteria. The activated sludge with normal operation contains clock worm, rotifer, ciliate, bacteria glue, etc. When the bacteria glue is large. Clock insects are active and many, when rotifers and nematodes appear, the sludge is mature and has good properties.

13. Sludge 30 minute sedimentation ratio (SV) requirements

The 30 minute settling ratio of activated sludge should be controlled between 15% and 30% in normal operation.

14. Adjustment of sludge age

The main control methods are sludge concentration in oxidation ditch, SS and SVI, and the main control means are to regulate the discharge of residual sludge. The discharge of surplus sludge is the most important operation in the process control of activated sludge. It controls the concentration of mixed liquid, controls the sludge age, changes the microbial species and growth rate in the activated sludge, changes the oxygen demand of aeration tank and changes the sludge sedimentation performance.

15. Sludge age calculation

QS=(MLSS*Va)/(Q*SSi)

In the above formula:

QS: sludge age (d)

MLSS: concentration of suspended solid in mixture (mg/l)

Q: Inflow flow (m3/d)

SSI: concentration of suspended solid in water (mg/l)

16. Cell average residence time calculation formula:

MCRT=(MLSS*Va)/(Qw*SSr+Q*SSe)

In the above formula:

MLSS: concentration of suspended solid in mixture (mg/l)

VA: volume of oxidation ditch (M3)

QW: daily discharge sludge (m3/d)

SSR: concentration of sludge returned (mg/l)

SSE: suspended solid concentration of effluent (mg/l)

The activity of QS in the sludge is about 15 days, mcrt should be slightly lower than QS, and gradually lowered during operation. The concentration of sludge is controlled by the reflux ratio, and the sludge concentration decreases with the increase of the reflux ratio, and the sludge concentration increases. The sludge concentration is used to calculate f / m.

17. Adjustment of dissolved oxygen

The main basis is the concentration of dissolved oxygen (do) in oxidation ditch, and the main means is aeration intensity control; In the oxidation ditch, the sewage mixture flows in the oxidation ditch, which is driven and filled with oxygen by brush, disc or voice machine. The dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of aeration device changes from high to low, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of aerobic section is gradually transferred from aerobic section to anoxia section. DO concentration of dissolved oxygen in aerobic section should be controlled at 1mg/l-3mg/l, and do in anoxic section should be controlled from 0.2 to 0.5mg/l.

The exposure of rotary brush (rotor) can adjust the height of the outlet weir, change the submerged float and change the aeration quantity. If there is no frequency conversion speed regulating device, the aeration volume can be adjusted by changing the speed, or the number of rotating brushes (rotating discs) can be increased or reduced to adjust the aeration amount. If the aeration quantity is reduced and the flow rate of water in the tank is affected (it should be controlled above 0.25m/s), the underwater pusher shall be increased to ensure the flow rate in the tank without silting.

18. Adjustment of the amount of sludge returned

The main basis is sludge sedimentation index and sludge thickness of secondary sedimentation tank, and the main control means is the reflux ratio. In the oxidation ditch process, the sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank after the reasonable discharge of the remaining sludge must be returned to the oxidation ditch to ensure the sludge concentration in the aeration tank, thus ensuring its treatment capacity. The control of the amount of sludge returned is based on this requirement. The methods are as follows:

The mud level of secondary sedimentation tank is controlled, that is, the mud level determined according to the design requirements, or the thickness of mud layer is controlled between 0.3-0.9m, and the thickness of the mud layer is less than 1/3 of the depth of water above the mud level. If the actual mud level exceeds the set mud level, the return flow shall be increased. If the mud level is lower than the set value, the return flow shall be reduced so that the mud level is gradually controlled on the set value, but the adjustment amount shall not exceed 10%. The mud level change shall be checked in the next inspection, and then appropriate adjustment shall be made. When the sludge level of the secondary sedimentation tank is stable, when a value is set, all sludge has been returned to the aeration tank, The process requirements are met. This return flow is directly related to the inflow, the inflow increases (or decreases), the sludge volume brought out of the aeration tank increases (or decreases), and the return flow rate should also increase (or decrease) in proportion.

Therefore, the return ratio (R), which is the ratio of sludge volume to inflow, is used to control.

19. Correction of operation state

The operation state is not ideal, usually due to the above three adjustments can not be timely caused, the improper hydraulic load (f/m) may be one of the reasons, and it may be caused by mechanical or hydraulic failure and sudden changes in water quality of the inflow (such as the impact load of unplanned industrial sewage). Timely adjustment should be summarized after analyzing the trend of seasonal water quality (including water temperature) water in the middle and long term of operation.

The adjustment of operation parameters has lag effect, so careful adjustment (the single adjustment amount should be less than 10%) and observation shall be patient. The common operation fault characterization and response methods are detailed in Appendix IV, system fault diagnosis guide, and each plant can add and delete according to their own conditions. In the process of operation state correction, the key process control parameters are f/m, namely BOD5 sludge load, and the formula of f/m is as follows:

F/M=(Q*BOD5)/(MLVSS*Va)

MLVSS=f•MLSS

In the above formula:

Q: Water inflow (m3/d)

BOD5: biochemical oxygen demand in five days (mg/l)

f: Constant, generally 0.75 for municipal sewage

MLVSS: concentration of volatile suspended solids in mixed liquid (mg/l)

VA: effective volume of oxidation ditch (M3)

Because BOD5 takes five days to get results, cod is used to push BOD5. The f/m value of oxidation ditch should be controlled between 0.05 and 0.15.

20. Fault scheduling

The emergency state of the sewage plant includes:

a. Power failure or power failure;

b. Major faults in the plant;

c. Pipeline pump station failure;

d. Heavy rain and flood.

The plant Department shall coordinate with the drainage management department and the lifting pump station with the assistance of the central control room in the sewage dispatching in heavy rain.

21. View instrument data record

a. Whether the operation control parameters are normal.

b. Whether the return pump and sludge discharge pump are operating normally.

c. Whether do in oxidation ditch is within the range of 1.0mg/l to 3.0mg/l.

d. Whether chlorine is normal.

22. Sensory inspection

The color of the mixture in the oxidation ditch can be used as an indicator of bad sludge or healthy sludge. The color of a healthy aerobic activated sludge should be brown similar to chocolate.

Whether the secondary sedimentation tank is normal, whether the surface water is clear, whether there is bubble in the tank, the sludge is floating up and the mud layer is too thick. If the sludge layer is too thick, the sludge return ratio should be increased.

Whether the effluent is clear can directly reflect the operation status and the sedimentation performance of sludge.

23. Check the test data meter record

SVI and microbiological microscopy, SVI should be 70-100. If SVI is too high, sludge expansion may occur. If SVI is too low, it may be sludge aging. If filamentous bacteria are found in the microscopic examination, chlorine should be added to the sludge. Air consumption (suitable for air blast aeration) should be maintained in oxidation ditch from 1mg/l to 3mg/l, which can be assumed that air consumption is directly related to the inflow BOD5. BOD5 should have results five days after sampling. The tracking of air consumption (combined with COD value) is the reference index of BOD5.

24. Inspection before start-up of water inlet and outlet pump station

Pre startup inspection work includes:

a. Whether the water level of suction pool is above the allowable startup water level

b. Is there any sundries in the water that may affect the operation of the water pump

c. Check whether the pump is installed correctly, the fasteners are not loose, the cable and junction box are normal, and whether the outlet gate (if any) is closed.

d. Check the switch position of console (cabinet) and switch to manual control state. Check that the voltage of three-phase power supply shall be within the specified range, and whether the humidity and temperature of motor sensor are normally opened, and whether water is allowed in subsequent process section.

25. Inspection of water inlet and outlet pump station

Whether there are sundries in the water level and suction pool of the suction pool, the operating sound of the pump of each working machine, three-phase voltage, current, sensor humidity, temperature, pump outlet pressure and flow, check the control cabinet, whether the switch switch is set in the set automatic control or manual control position, and whether the auxiliary equipment of the pump pipeline, the machine room and the door and window are normal. The patrol inspection frequency is once for shift taking over and shift handover (adding shift handover content), and the rest time is patrol inspection every 2 hours. Shift handover inspection also includes the sanitation and maintenance of equipment, instruments, pump room and the responsible area around the pump house.

If problems are found during patrol inspection, it shall be adjusted immediately and recorded in the record table. For example, if the water level is lower than the set value, stop the water level relay immediately, check the water level relay to make it normal. If the water level is higher than the set value, the central control room shall be informed to open the water pump, and check the water level relay after the pump is running normally to make it normal; If there is any sundries in the suction pool, it shall be cleaned immediately. If it is necessary to clean the water pool, it shall operate according to the "safe operation requirements in the narrow space" and inform the central control room to provide support and supervision, check the source of sundries and take necessary measures to prevent similar situations from happening again;

If the pump is not working normally, find out the reason to make it normal; If the operating parameters of the pump are abnormal, it shall be adjusted and maintained to make it normal. When the weather is suddenly changed, such as the rainstorm is coming, patrol inspection shall be added, doors, windows and necessary waterproof and lightning protection measures shall be taken. For the first time, after the equipment is inspected, modified or put into operation for a long time, the number of patrol inspection shall be increased, namely, 30 points and 75 points shall be added once. If all the equipment is normal, it shall be transferred to normal inspection once every 120 points.

26. Maintenance contents and frequency of water inlet and outlet pump station

Gate valve: Changbai shift is responsible for it once a month. Check the sealing condition of valve stem, replace packing if necessary, fill lubricant at lubrication point, and check limit switch and manual and electric interlock device if electric gate valve is used; If the valve is not moving for a long time, the opening and closing test shall be conducted monthly. Slow closing check valve, once a month, adjust the slow closing mechanism and fill in lubricating oil.

The crane equipment such as truss car or electric hoist shall be tested for displacement and lifting every month. Check the steel wire rope for lifting to prevent corrosion and check its wear. If the abrasion is greater than 10% of the original diameter or broken strand is found, it shall be reported to the maintenance group for replacement. Check whether the metal components such as pipe, gate valve, lifting hole cover plate, guardrail, ladder, support and other metal members are tight and stable once every shift, and take stable measures. If rust starts, rust removal and anti-corrosion measures shall be taken.

Replace damaged lighting fixtures in time. Before shift handover, the sanitation work shall be done on the pipe, gate valve and its auxiliary equipment, cabinet surface of electrical control cabinet, door and window of pump room, wall, floor and surrounding sanitation responsibility area. And check the prohibited listing of electrical control cabinet and keep the position accurate.

27. Cleaning and frequency of collecting well

The sump shall be cleaned every other year and the tank body shall be inspected for cracks and corrosion. If the structure is stable, the mud deposition and corrosion can not be seriously prolonged.

It is advisable to select a period with small sewage volume to organize cleaning, estimate the cleaning time and estimate the overflow sewage volume, report to the drainage company after the time is determined, and organize the implementation after being approved. Before cleaning, sufficient manpower, material force, lighting, ventilation and safety measures must be prepared to minimize the water stop time and ensure safety, and make arrangements for subsequent process production changes, To start work.

When the main engine lowers the sump to the lowest water level, cut off all main engine power, lift the submersible pump one by one, put it into the small mobiles submersible pump to continue pumping water. Meanwhile, use a high-pressure water gun to wash the silt and clean the wall of the pool. When the operation is required to go down the pool, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the "safety operation requirements in the narrow space", and the key point is to conduct forced ventilation, The concentration and oxygen loss of toxic gas shall be detected at the most unfavorable point of ventilation, and the personnel can be sent down only after meeting the requirements. At the same time, the ventilation must continue. The strength can be reduced appropriately, but it cannot be stopped. Because the pollutants in the tank will still release toxic gas, it is necessary to be monitored and the working time of the tank shall not exceed 30 minutes.

Check the water tank cracks and corrosion, check the corrosion of pipes, guide rails and water pump interfaces, and if necessary, conduct anti-corrosion treatment, check the pipe stability and water level detection instruments, and restore production after making detailed records. At the same time, the mechanical and electrical maintenance workers shall clean and inspect the lifting submersible motor, and after the tank cleaning, the lifting and reset and water discharge operation shall be carried out.

28. Operation and maintenance of coarse and fine grids

Before starting a new or re-used grid, check:

a. No sundries in the grid

b. Lubricating oil and lubricating oil level

c. Grating has operation conditions

d. The grid slag conveyor and slag press have the operation conditions

e. The opening and closing of the inlet and outlet sluice doors are flexible and the airtightness meets the requirements

f. Good electric and monitoring system

g. Automatic control instrument and instrument are normal, and information transmission is accurate; The manual control cabinet has operation conditions, and the automatic control and manual control device switch normally.

After the above inspection is completed and confirmed to be correct, the grid can be started for operation. The starting steps of the grid are as follows:

a. Jog the motor to ensure that the motor is working normally

b. Start the intake gate and start the water inflow

c. Start up the grill and the decontamination machine

d. Start the grate slag conveyor

Detailed operation steps shall be adjusted and supplemented by the supplier or project city according to the actual situation.

Within 1 hour after the grid is put into operation, the working condition of the whole machine shall be closely followed. If any abnormal vibration or noise is found, stop the machine immediately for inspection, and put it into operation after troubleshooting.

29. Slag cleaning (Transportation) procedure

The grid slag cleaned by the grid decontaminator is transported to the slag hopper through the grid slag conveyor. When the design capacity of the slag hopper reaches 80%, it shall be cleaned and transported in time, and at least once per shift, and transported to the designated place of the sewage treatment plant for unified treatment.

30. Operation procedure of sand settling tank (taking swirl sand settling tank as an example)

Before starting a new or re operational swirl grit chamber, check:

a. Clean up the water inlet and outlet pipes, sand and stone in the pool and other sundries

b. Agitator and drive device have operation conditions

c. Air compressor has operation conditions

d. Air pipeline and its support are stable

e. Sand lifting system and sand discharge pipeline have operation conditions

f. The sand washer has the operation conditions

g. All valves and gates shall be open and closed in accordance with the design requirements

h. The anti-corrosion and fastening of mechanical equipment and tank wall and bottom under water surface are completed

i. The electric system, monitoring system and protection system are in good condition

j. The control system on-site manual control cabinet has operation conditions, automatic control instruments, instruments and information transmission are accurate and normal, and automatic control and manual control switch function is normal.

31. The starting procedure of the swirl sand settling tank is as follows:

a. Start the intake gate and start the water inflow

b. Start up the mixing device

c. Setting the operation parameters of sand lifting system

d. Start the sand washer

e. Cleaning and transportation after sand bucket is filled

The detailed start-up operation steps shall be adjusted and supplemented by the supplier or the project city according to the actual situation.

When starting the system, the flow of each pool shall be adjusted to flow balance and as close to the design requirements as possible. The parameters of automatic control of sand removal and sand washing shall be adjusted according to the sand content of sewage. But check at least once a day. When the load of the sand settling tank changes, the sand content in the effluent shall be tested and the process requirements shall be met.

The sand after washing by the sand washer shall be collected in the sand bucket or truck and cleaned and transported in time. The cleaned sand shall be transported to the designated place. The organic matter content of the removed sand shall be tested regularly, and the organic content shall be less than 10%.

After closing the inlet gate valve to stop the sand settling tank operation, sand lifting operation shall be carried out to determine that the sand lifting system shall be stopped after the sand cleaning work of the sand settling tank is completed.

32. Normal operation parameters of various sand settling tanks

Table: normal operation parameters of various sand settling tanks

The content of organic matter in sand should be less than 10%.

33. Operation procedures of biological treatment unit (taking oxidation ditch as an example)

If the operation is stopped for a short time due to power failure or equipment maintenance, restart the activated sludge if it is still active, and the following steps shall be followed. The inspection contents before start-up include: garbage cleaning: cleaning up scum and sundries in oxidation ditch. Clean up the trash and debris on the walkway. Inspection of aeration system: if air blower aeration system is used for inspection: (the inspection of blower shall be carried out according to the provisions in 4.9). The aerator is free of blockage. There is no air leakage in the air pipeline. The valve on the air pipeline is open and closed.

If the rotary brush and surface aerator aeration system are used, the inspection contents are as follows: brush rotation and surface exposure machine inspection: lubricating oil quantity of reducer, lubrication of bearing, equipment fastening, cleaning of sundries around motor and reducer, disk, rotary brush, blade fastening and its integrity.

Inspection of underwater thruster: the installation direction and equipment are in good condition and have operation conditions

Inspection of exit weir door: the weir mouth regulating device is free from rust, and the airtightness meets the requirements, and the height of the exit weir door meets the requirements.

Inspection of pipeline system, gate and valve: exposed pipes are free of leakage, and the support is stable, paint and corrosion protection are good; The flexible opening and closing state of gate meets the design requirements.

34. Inspection of biological treatment unit (taking oxidation ditch as an example)

The routine inspection of oxidation ditch system includes the following contents:

Scavenging and foam removal on the oxidation ditch surface, judging whether the operation is normal, the concentration of dissolved oxygen and the checking of online instrument data, the on-site inspection of pH and the online instrument data review, the color of mixed liquid, and the clarity of the separation of the mixed liquor from the anaerobic pond. Operation of motor and transmission (noise, vibration, current and voltage, etc.), lubricating oil level of mechanical equipment, rotating butterfly, rotary brush noise and vibration, lubrication of rotating butterfly and rotary brush bearing, sludge settlement ratio (once per shift), outlet weir mouth adjustment, operation status of underwater thruster and flow velocity.

During the inspection, the color of the mixture, the odor of the oxidation ditch site and the clarity of mud water separation in the anaerobic pool shall be observed. If any abnormality is found, the central control room shall be informed for adjustment.

Color of mud water mixture: the color of mixture in the oxidation ditch system in good condition is black brown to dark brown. If the sludge concentration decreases, the color of mud water mixture will change from dark brown to light black brown. If the oxygen is not enough, the mud water mixture will turn black.

Odor: the smell of the normal operation oxidation ditch system shall be slightly mildew. If the system is not functioning properly, it may cause irritating odor gas. When the stinky egg gas appears, the system may be in the process of anaerobic reaction. Measures should be taken to improve oxygen filling.

Clarity of the upper layer of the mixed liquid in the anoxic section: in the normal operation of the oxidation ditch system, the clear layer can be observed in the upper layer of the mud water mixture in the oxygen deficient section of the oxidation ditch. The specific depth of the clear water layer depends on the flow rate of the oxidation ditch and the precipitability of the activated sludge.

Surface froth of oxidation ditch: there is white foam on the surface of oxidation ditch, usually due to insufficient concentration of sludge. During the start-up of the system, the occurrence of white foam on the surface of oxidation ditch is more common. With the increase of sludge concentration, the phenomenon of foam will gradually disappear.

The patrol inspection line of oxidation ditch system shall be determined by itself according to the actual situation; The patrol inspection frequency shall be conducted every 2 hours. During shift handover, the shift handover personnel and the successor shall inspect and inspect the system. The patrol frequency should be adjusted according to the actual situation.

35. Operation procedures of secondary sedimentation tank

The start-up of secondary sedimentation tank is divided into empty pool start and full pool start-up. The following start-up steps are empty pool start. If full pool start-up is used, the underwater inspection part can be omitted.

Before the secondary sedimentation tank system is put into operation after startup and maintenance, pre startup inspection shall be conducted: the control gate has good opening and closing performance, no sand or other residue in the tank, proper lubrication and oil level of mechanical equipment, power, switchgear, control system, gear, transmission gear, traveling wheel, overload protection device and wheel channel have operation conditions The tray scraper shall run for several cycles to check whether the position of rubber brush on the scraper is suitable. If the position is too high or too low, it shall be adjusted in time.

At the same time, the machine shall be stable and rotating at a constant speed without bumping or jumping up and down, and the slag bucket can collect the scum. If the scraper system is equipped with overload alarm device, it is necessary to test whether the mechanical equipment will automatically alarm and stop under overload. The fastening and anti-corrosion of equipment below the water surface, no residue or blockage in the distribution tank and return sludge pipeline, good corrosion prevention of sedimentation tank structure, no cracking and other potential faults, level of water collecting weir plate and no defects.

Start the inlet gate to enter the sedimentation tank, and the operator shall make the water into each tank evenly when entering water. When the sedimentation tank is fed for 2 hours, start the mud scraper.

During the start-up operation stage, various operating parameters of the scraper shall be measured to complete a working cycle, and the design value and equipment acceptance record shall be compared to determine whether it is within the normal range.

After starting operation, the patrol frequency shall be increased, with the first interval of 30 minutes and the second interval of 45 minutes. If there is no problem, the system can turn to normal patrol inspection.

36. Disinfection determination of oxygen content

Disinfection can kill the bacteria in the sewage and prevent the spread and spread of the epidemic. However, after chlorination and organic matter react, carcinogens will be generated. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the bacteria and reduce the chlorine dosage as much as possible. The national standard requires the control of the number of fecal coliform bacteria (easy to measure and an indirect index reflecting the killing of bacteria). Therefore, the chlorination index should be determined by experiments, The chlorine addition is calculated according to the drainage amount, and the steps are as follows:

a. Determination of coliform in effluent

b. The water sample is divided into 6 100ml cup samples

c. The indexes of adding 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0mg of chlorine were added to each cup sample, and the indexes of adding chlorine were 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10mg/l respectively.

d. Mixing water sample, simulating the actual operation, the sewage in the contact tank stay time.

e. After the residence time was reached, the number of coliform groups was determined.

f. The minimum chlorine dosage required for the number of coliform groups to meet the requirements is taken.

g. Calculate chlorine addition according to daily average inflow

Chlorine addition (kg/h) = [Q average (m3/h) * chlorine addition index (mg/l) obtained by test] /1000

37. Disinfection and startup steps

a. Move the chlorine to be used and move to the chlorination position, determine the weight and determine the chlorine in the chlorine bottle.

b. If the chlorine bottle is more than 500kg, rotate the chlorine valve up and down vertically, and raise one end of chlorine outlet valve slightly, use the upper chlorine valve strictly and hang the "use" plate.

c. Remove the sundries at the valve port of the chlorine main valve, pad the special gasket and install the chlorine gas connecting pipe.

d. Before normal chlorine addition, the pressure pump shall be started to make the water ejector work normally. After the chlorine addition is stopped, the booster pump shall be operated for 2-3 minutes before it can be stopped.

e. Open the chlorine outlet valve slightly, check whether the connection point is chlorine leakage and chlorine valve is chlorine with 10% ammonia water. If the temperature is low, open spray and heating, and strictly prevent the main valve from corrosion. And add chlorine according to the experimental requirements in the previous section.

f. Please write the instructions for the chlorinator.

38. Dissolution and preparation of chemical agents

The procedure for dissolving and preparing chemical reagent is: water in the solution tank to a certain amount → add quantitative chemical agent to the solution tank at the same time → start stirring to fully dissolve → dissolve the drug tank → continuously feed water to the required concentration of the solution. The concentration of chemical agent shall be adjusted according to the actual operation. During operation, attention should be paid to the working state of liquid level control system, and the chemical level in the dissolution tank should be checked to avoid the idle running of metering pump and no chemical dosing.

39. Inspection before startup of chemical phosphorus removal system

The inspection contents are as follows: no leakage of dosing pipeline, operation conditions of metering pump, opening and closing status of dosing pipeline valve in accordance with design requirements, and operation conditions of reaction tank

After the inspection before start-up is completed, start-up operation can be carried out. The starting procedures are: water inflow of reaction tank (if it is mechanical reaction tank, start mixing device at the same time), start metering pump and add chemical agent.

The detailed start-up operation steps shall be adjusted and supplemented by the supplier or the project city according to the actual situation.

40. Operation procedures of the reflux sludge pump room

The start and stop of the pump are controlled by the process requirements. The control of the amount of surplus sludge and sludge return is mainly controlled by the central control room according to the information returned by the detection instrument. When it is put into use for the first time and when other methods are used for checking or further commissioning, manual control operation can be used. After commissioning, it can be transferred to the automatic control procedure.

When manual operation is required for the residual sludge pump or the return sludge pump, first check the sludge level of sludge tank, check whether the mud pump is installed correctly, the fasteners are not loose, the cable junction box is normal, whether the outlet gate is closed (unless otherwise specified in the design), whether the flowmeter is normal, then switch the switch switch to the manual position, check the three-phase power supply voltage and the temperature of the proposed motor, Whether humidity is normal, start motor, monitor sound of pump, monitor voltage and ammeter, if sound is normal;

After the current falls back, slowly open the outlet valve, control the opening degree of gate valve according to the process requirements for flow, monitor whether the voltage and current are within a reasonable range, report the start-up time of the central control room and check the operation parameters with the central control room, and turn it into automatic operation. If any abnormal phenomenon is found during the startup process, it is not allowed to start the machine, or if the valve has been started, it shall stop the valve immediately to check the reasons, After troubleshooting, restart can be carried out. However, restart must be done after closing gate valve and motor stops completely for 5 minutes. If repeated start is still unsuccessful, repair shall be reported according to equipment failure.

When manual shutdown operation is required, the central control room shall be informed to check whether the motor temperature and humidity are normal, close the outlet gate, switch the switch switch to the manual position and close the motor.

41. Preparation of coagulant

The preparation procedure of coagulant is as follows: water in the solution tank to a certain amount → add quantitative chemical agent to the solution tank at the same time → start mixing to complete dissolution → dissolve the drug tank → continuously feed water to the required concentration of the drug solution（ Detailed operation steps for coagulant configuration shall be supplemented by the supplier or project city according to the actual situation.)

The dosage of coagulant should be adjusted according to the characteristics, nitrification degree and water content of sludge. The reserve amount shall be determined according to the type of coagulant, the allowable storage validity period and storage conditions, etc. the coagulant shall follow the principle of "first storage and first use".

42. Inspection before start-up of belt filter press

Including: the coagulant dosing system (including metering pump, coagulant configuration, liquid level control system, pipeline system and dissolving tank) has working conditions. The belt filter press (including filter belt, filter belt correction device, driving device, backwash system, sludge dosing device, belt conveyor mud transport vehicle and drainage system) has working conditions, and the start-up belt filter press will be free of fault for several minutes. Sludge batching pump has working conditions. Power and automatic control system has operation conditions

After the above inspection is completed, the sludge dewatering system can be started. The starting steps are: sludge dewatering operation is carried out according to the sludge volume of the sludge storage tank or the discharge of the remaining sludge. Pour in coagulant. Start belt filter press (including backwash system and belt conveyor and sludge transport vehicle). Start the sludge dosing pump, observe the operation of the dehydrator and adjust the sludge volume, adjust the dosage of coagulant to the outlet sludge to reach the water content standard. The detailed start-up operation steps shall be adjusted and supplemented by the supplier or the project city according to the actual situation. After the system is put into operation, the ventilation of sludge dewatering room shall be ensured.

43. Commissioning of frequency converter

Including ① check before power on: whether the inverter model and specification are wrong. Is there a problem with the installation environment. Whether the connecting parts of the whole machine are loose, whether the connector is reliably inserted, whether it is falling off or damaged. Whether the cable meets the requirements. Whether the electrical connection of main circuit and control circuit is loose and whether the grounding is reliable. Whether the external connection of each grounding terminal is wrong and whether the connection of shield wire meets the requirements. The 500V megger shall be used to measure the connection between all external terminals and grounding terminals, and the resistance shall be more than 10m. Whether the main circuit power supply voltage meets the specified value. Whether there is any foreign material left in the box, such as metal or cable thread, etc., and clean it if necessary.

② Without motor, frequency converter shall be debugged separately: all operation switches shall be disconnected first. Set the frequency (i.e. speed setting), and adjust the potentiometer to the minimum. Turn on the power switch of main line (generally, the control circuit and program circuit of internal cooling fan and panel are powered up at the same time), and wait a moment to check whether the circuits have any heating, peculiar smell, smoke and other phenomena, and whether the indicator lights are normal. Check the parameters set by the inverter, and modify or reset the data according to the actual requirements.

Give the forward or reverse command, and send the rotation frequency to the positioner to observe whether the frequency indication is correct. If the frequency display is not digital, the frequency meter shall be corrected if necessary.

③ No load operation of inverter with motor: disconnect all operation switches first. Set the frequency setting potentiometer to the minimum. Turn on the main power switch (the control circuit and program circuit such as fan, panel and so on are powered up at the same time). To give the forward or reverse command, first run in several Hertz, and observe whether the rotation direction of the motor is correct. General forward rotation command refers to the motor rotation in the anti clockwise direction (refers to the shaft end).

The motor rotation direction is reversed, so it is not necessary to reverse the phase sequence of the main circuit. The direction of rotation can be changed by changing the wiring of the control terminal. Gradually increase the set value, observe the motor operation when the frequency rises to the maximum value, and measure the speed and output voltage. After shutdown, check the position of frequency setting potentiometer, and then observe whether the acceleration operation and deceleration operation are smooth and stable.

④ Inverter with motor load operation: turn on the main power switch. According to the actual load requirements, change the parameter setting. Under the positive rotation command, adjust the frequency given potentiometer clockwise gradually, and the motor speed will gradually rise. Meanwhile, observe whether the rotation direction of the machine is correct, and change the wiring if there is any error. When the potentiometer is turned to the right, it should correspond to the highest frequency and speed. During acceleration, observe whether the machine has beat frequency, vibration and other phenomena.

Then counter clockwise (left-hand) potentiometer, and motor speed gradually decreases until it stops. Note that when the given frequency is under the starting frequency, the motor shall not rotate. When the given maximum frequency (corresponding to the maximum speed) is maintained, the positive rotation command is connected. The motor speed will rise from the given acceleration time to the stable operation of the maximum speed.

If there is overload in the acceleration process, the acceleration time may be set too short, and adjustment shall be made. When the motor is running at full load, turn off the positive rotation command signal, and the motor will slow down until it stops according to the set deceleration time. Repeat C, D and e debugging under reverse instruction. In operation, some setting parameters can be changed, while others are not allowed to be changed. It should be carried out according to the operation instructions of different types of frequency converter.

44. Maintenance work of sewage treatment plant

It includes mechanical equipment maintenance, monitoring instrument maintenance and correction, electrical equipment maintenance and sewage treatment structure maintenance. All maintenance work consists of regular maintenance, fault maintenance and improvement maintenance.

45. Regular maintenance

It is an overhaul activity to prevent the equipment from being accurate and performance degraded, and affect the normal operation of production or reduce the failure rate. It is also called preventive maintenance according to the plan and corresponding technical requirements predicted and arranged in advance.

46. Fault maintenance

It is a kind of Recovery repair which occurs after the failure, accident or the performance and accuracy of the equipment is lower than the specified level, which is also called post repair. This maintenance method is suitable for simple equipment with low utilization, low technical requirements for repair, timely provision of spare parts, alternative equipment and the implementation of equipment to prevent the uneconomic maintenance. The troubleshooting can be divided into two situations:

The scheduled and controlled troubleshooting (daily maintenance, minor repair or technical maintenance) shall be based on the fault symptoms found in daily spot inspection, patrol inspection, regular inspection, etc., and after analysis, the repair content, parts complexity, workload and production allowable stop time shall be conducted. This is carried out in close cooperation with workshop production, which can not only make the equipment recover repair, but also ensure the normal production.

Emergency repair of sudden failure: the equipment failure occurs suddenly and there is no symptom in advance. In order to restore production in time, the unscheduled emergency repair must be carried out.

47. Improvement and maintenance

It is a measure to improve the reliability and maintenance of the equipment with congenital defects or frequent faults, and improve the design of local structure or parts in combination with repair. The difference between it and technical transformation is that the former is to improve and improve the reliability and maintenance of local parts, so as to reduce equipment failure and reduce maintenance time and cost. The latter is mainly to improve the performance of the equipment or change the function of the equipment.

48. Types of common on-line instruments in sewage treatment plant

49. Monitoring indexes of operation parameters

Operation department shall arrange the type and frequency of test indexes in the form of business contact sheet according to production needs. The laboratory shall test and analyze the operating parameters. Through the analysis of operation parameters, it can judge whether the sewage treatment plant is running normally, and feed it back to the central control room of the sewage treatment plant in time. The central control room will make necessary adjustment to the operation of the sewage treatment plant.

The normal operation and inspection project and cycle of sewage sludge in urban sewage treatment plant shall be carried out according to cjj60-94 standard of Ministry of construction of the people's Republic of China. See table 6-1 and table 6-2. The test data of routine test items shall be reported in written form and electronic report before 9:00 a.m. every day. The data of temporarily increased test items shall be reported to production and operation Department in writing in time to analyze the process operation status and take preventive measures for possible problems.

sewage

sludge

50. Sampling container

The sampling container shall be composed of inert materials, which is easy to crack, easy to clean, well sealed and easy to open and close. The sampling container must ensure that the sample is free from adsorption, evaporation and contamination of foreign substances.

The sample bottle can be made of hard (boric acid) glass bottle or high pressure polyethylene bottle. When selecting sample bottles, the possible problems of water sample and container shall be considered to determine the type and washing method of the container.

51. Sample collection

At the sampling point, the container (bucket or bottle) shall be immersed in the waste water to be sampled, so that the mixture of water or mud water is filled, and then poured into the appropriate sample container prepared in advance. Sometimes, the sample container can be directly immersed in water for sampling. During sampling, it should be noted that the substances floating on the water surface cannot be mixed. Before formal sampling, the container shall be washed with water sample for 2-3 times. The washed waste water shall not be re poured into the ditch to avoid stirring up the suspended matter in the water. The samples collected shall be labeled in time. Fill in the sampling site record. If sampling for user exit shall be signed by relevant personnel of the sampled unit.

Precautions in sample collection: for pollutants with stable properties, the samples collected can be mixed and determined once. For unstable pollutants, the pollutant concentration can be expressed by average after sampling and measuring separately. Some components in wastewater are distributed unevenly, such as oil and suspended matter, and some components are easy to change in analysis, such as dissolved oxygen and sulfide.

If a sample of wastewater is taken from the full analysis sampling bottle for analysis of these items, it will produce wrong results. Therefore, the water samples of such monitoring items should be collected separately, some of which should be fixed on site and analyzed separately. After sampling, the sample field data sheet (see Appendix 3, sample table 6-2-1) and sample preservation registration card (see Appendix 3 and sample table 6-2-3) shall be filled in as required. The water sample label shall be consistent with the above two sample tables.

52. Sample preservation

Fill the container with water sample to overflow and seal.

In order to avoid the oscillation of samples during transportation, as well as the interference of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air on the sample components and the items to be measured in the container, in order to influence the pH, BOD, do, etc., the water sample shall be filled with the container to overflow and sealed for storage. However, the samples prepared for freezing and preservation cannot be filled with containers, otherwise, after water is frozen, the container will rupture due to volume expansion.

Refrigeration: the temperature of water sample shall be lower than that of sample when it is refrigerated. After sampling, the water sample shall be placed in refrigerator or ice water bath immediately after sampling, and stored in dark place. Generally, it is refrigerated at 2-5 ℃, and it is not suitable for long-term storage, and the storage time of waste water is shorter.

Freezing (-20 ℃): generally, it can prolong the storage period, but it is necessary to master the melting and freezing technology to make the sample recover its original state rapidly and evenly during melting. When water sample is frozen, the volume expands, and plastic containers are generally used.

Add protective agent (fixative or preservative): add some chemical reagent to fix some components to be tested in water sample. Protective agent should be added to empty bottle in advance, and some can be added to water sample immediately after sampling.

The protective agents used frequently include various acids, bases and biological inhibitors, and the amount of additives varies according to the needs.

The protective agent added can not interfere with the determination of the components to be measured. If there is doubt, necessary experiments should be done first.

The added protectors, because of their volume, affect the initial concentration of the components to be measured, shall be considered in the calculation results, but if enough concentrated protectants are added; The dilution effect can be ignored because the volume of the addition is small.

The added protective agent may change the chemical or physical properties of the components in water. Therefore, the influence on the determination items must be taken into account when selecting the protective agent. If the colloid component and solid-state solution suspended on the particle will be caused by acidizing. If the item to be tested is a dissolved substance, it must be acidized and preserved after filtration.

Blank test must be carried out for the determination of fixatives added to certain items. For example, the quantity of elements to be measured which can be introduced by the fixator must be determined when measuring trace elements（ For example, acids will introduce arsenic, lead and mercury which cannot be ignored.)

It must be noted that some protective agents are toxic and harmful, such as mercury chloride (HgCl2), trichloromethane and acid, etc., and safety protection must be paid attention to when using and keeping.

53. Laboratory safety

There are some dangerous factors in the laboratory itself, but as long as the analysts strictly abide by the operating rules and regulations, no matter what experiments are done, safety first should be kept in mind, and the accident can be avoided if they are constantly vigilant. If the preventive measures are reliable and the post accident treatment is appropriate, the damage can be minimized. Please refer to the relevant contents in the environmental water quality monitoring quality assurance manual for the safety knowledge of water quality monitoring laboratory. The following are the following safety rules in daily laboratory work:

When heating volatile or flammable organic solvents, direct heating by flame or circuit is prohibited, and it must be carried out slowly in water bath or electric plate; Combustible substances such as gasoline, alcohol, kerosene, etc. shall not be placed near gas lamps, electric furnaces or other sources of fire; When heating distillation and related fire or electric heating work, at least one person shall be on duty for management, and gloves shall be worn when operating high temperature electric furnace;

The wires used in electric heating equipment shall be checked regularly for completeness and damage, and the electric heating equipment shall be provided with proper backing plate; The main switch of power supply shall be equipped with a strong cover. When switching the switch, it is not allowed to wet hands and pay attention to it; The system of safekeeping and use of highly toxic drugs must be formulated, and a special cabinet shall be set up and kept in double locks;

Strong acid and ammonia water are stored separately; When diluting sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid must be poured into water carefully and slowly, and it cannot be poured into sulfuric acid; When acid, alkali and harmful substances are absorbed by pipette, it is not allowed to be absorbed by mouth, but must be absorbed by ear ball; Gloves must be worn for the use of nitric acid, ammonia water and hydrofluoric acid. When opening volatile reagent bottles such as ethanol and ammonia, the bottle mouth must not be directed at itself or others, especially in summer when it is opened, it is very easy to rush out. If not careful, serious accidents will be caused.

The operation of harmful gas caused by digestion must be carried out in the ventilation cabinet; When operating the centrifuge, it must be turned off after it stops rotating completely; Pressure vessels such as hydrogen cylinders must be kept away from the fire source and parked stably; After contacting with sewage and medicine, we should wash hands carefully. If there is a wound on your hand, you should not contact sewage and medicine; The laboratory shall be equipped with fire fighting equipment, such as yellow sand bucket and tetrachloride fire extinguisher, etc. the yellow sand in the yellow sand bucket shall be kept dry and not soaked in water; The laboratory shall keep air circulation, good lighting, clean environment, personal goods and articles unrelated to the laboratory shall not be stored in the laboratory. At the end of daily work, water and electricity safety inspection shall be conducted. In winter, antifreeze measures shall be checked before work.

54. Inspection of calibration curve

Linear inspection: that is, the precision of the inspection curve. For calibration curve drawn by the measured signal value obtained by 4-6 concentration units, the correlation coefficient | r||||||||||||||||||||||||||.

Intercept inspection: that is to say, the precision of calibration curve is checked. On the basis of the qualified shape test, linear regression * is carried out to get the regression equation y = a + BX. Then, the intercept a and 0 are tested by t test. When 95% confidence level is taken and there is no significant difference, a can be treated as 0. The equation is simplified to y = BX, and the term shift is x = Y / b. In the linear range, instead of consulting the calibration curve, the sample measurement signal can be directly corrected by blank, and the sample concentration can be calculated.

When a is significantly different from that of the regression equation, that is, the accuracy of the calculation results of regression equation representing calibration curve is not high. The reason should be found and corrected, the calibration curve shall be redrawn and passed the linear inspection, and then the regression equation shall be calculated, and put into use after the intercept test is qualified.

If regression equation is put into use without the above-mentioned test and treatment, it will introduce the difference of the difference to the system error of intercept a.

Slope test: that is to say, the sensitivity of the test analysis method. The sensitivity of the method varies with the change of experimental conditions. Under the same analysis conditions, the slope change caused by the random error in operation should not exceed the allowable range, which varies with the accuracy of the analysis method. For example, in general, the relative error of molecular absorption spectrophotometry is less than 5%; The atomic spectrophotometer requires that the relative error value is less than 10%.

55. Comparative analysis of standard substances

Quantity value transfer: check the error of concentration value of the samples prepared in the laboratory or control samples, etc. by comparing with the standard reference, and correct them.

Instrument calibration: for the instrument with direct quantitative method, the instrument shall be calibrated with standard reference.

Comparative analysis: while analyzing the sample, the standard reference with similar concentration or its diluent is used for analysis. According to the compliance degree between the measured value and the guaranteed value of the standard reference, the accuracy of the sample analysis results can be determined whether it is acceptable.

Quality assessment: take standard reference as unknown sample to assess the technical level of analysts in the laboratory or the conformity of analysis results among laboratories, so as to help analysts find problems and ensure the comparability of data between laboratories.

56. Accident Plan

It should include: accident alarm, emergency treatment, accident investigation, responsibility handling, accident prevention (engineering technical measures, education measures, management measures), accident report, accident information transmission (report within a certain range, learn lessons and prevent accidents). Participants in each step of the accident plan shall have clear provisions in the accident plan (and shall include emergency contact information, etc.), such as the technical director and the department head to complete the accident investigation.

57. Electrical and mechanical equipment failure

Accident alarm: the alarm of electrical equipment and mechanical equipment includes automatic alarm device alarm and equipment fault alarm found by operators during patrol inspection. If the accident alarm is found, it shall report to the central control room immediately. The central control room shall immediately handle the accident alarm after receiving the accident alarm. Stop the operation of alarm equipment immediately after equipment accident alarm and turn on standby equipment to maintain normal operation.

Operators shall adjust and handle the alarm equipment on site. If there is no standby equipment for alarm equipment, adjust the operation parameters of upstream and downstream process immediately after stopping operation, and immediately inform the person in charge of duty to strengthen monitoring and dispatch operators to adjust parameters at the alarm equipment.

Emergency treatment: after the operator arrives at the equipment alarm site, the operator shall investigate and eliminate the fault immediately and check the performance of the equipment. If the equipment is damaged, it shall be reported to the person in charge of duty for joint confirmation and then the maintenance personnel shall be informed to carry out the maintenance of the equipment.

Accident investigation: after the emergency treatment of the accident, the technical director, the person in charge of the shift and the operator on duty shall form an accident investigation team to investigate the causes of the accident and fill in the accident questionnaire. After the accident investigation is completed, it shall be copied to the power maintenance department and the factory director's office.

Responsibility handling: after the investigation of accident causes, the technical director shall investigate the responsibility of relevant personnel according to the causes of the accident, put forward written suggestions on responsibility handling and send them to the factory director's office. The factory director shall make a written decision on handling accident liability and post it in the notice board of the plant.

Accident prevention: accident prevention shall be carried out from three aspects, engineering technical measures, education measures and management measures. The accident prevention plan shall be summarized by the technical director and finally formed a written report, and then decided by the factory director and put into practice.

Accident report: accident report includes three written reports, including accident investigation, accident liability treatment and accident prevention. The power maintenance department shall be responsible for sorting out and filing the accident report.

Accident information transmission: inform within a certain range, learn lessons and prevent accidents.

58. What to do in case of power failure

All operation orders shall be withdrawn within 15 minutes after receiving the notice of power failure. That is, shut down the running equipment（ Note the number of the device that is running in order for the call to return to normal operation).

After the equipment stops running, disconnect the communication cable between PC and PLC, and then inform the electrician to send out the power failure signal.

If the power failure is more than half an hour, all PLC and its corresponding UPS power supply shall be turned off. Avoid ups over play movie sound its service life.

After calling, power supply shall be re supplied to each PLC station, and the CPU shall be reset one by one, and the communication cable between PC and plc0 shall be connected (at this time, PC shall be on Windows 95 platform), and t800dde shall be started to check the communication. If the dynamic scan is normal, restart the InTouch windows viewer, and check the connection and communication between PLC stations. If there is no error, enter other operation interface and restart the equipment.

59. What to do after abnormal power failure

First, check whether the communication loop between PC and PLC station is smooth and whether the CPU of each PLC station works normally. If normal, ask the power failure reason immediately, how long it will take to resume power supply. If the power cut is more than half an hour, the ups of each PLC station shall be shut down separately, and the PC shall exit the monitoring system at the same time. If power supply is restored soon, the operator shall immediately check the interface "20" after power supply is restored to observe whether the PLC station and communication loop are normal.

Other operation tasks can be performed only when the communication system is displayed normally.

If the communication system is dead or local dead, reset the PLC station of the dead machine respectively（ One method is to cut off the power supply, wait a moment, and then turn on the power supply; Another way, use the bar jumper to press the reset button on the CPU to force the CPU to reload the program).

If everything is normal, then resume operation.

In order to avoid the load brought by the call to start at the same time, before power transmission, the electrician is required to remove the existing operation command through the switch on the MCC cabinet panel, so as to reduce the starting load after the call. In order to avoid the power supply system from flashover protection due to excessive startup load.

60. Material acceptance

The material acceptance includes certificate acceptance, delivery time acceptance, material quantity acceptance, material quality acceptance, accessories, special tools, product drawing specification, operation and maintenance manual and price acceptance. The material acceptance shall be based on the purchase contract, and the acceptance shall be jointly completed by the relevant purchasing personnel and inventory management personnel. If necessary, technical director, laboratory leader and maintenance leader shall be invited to jointly accept.

The procedure of acceptance is: preparation for acceptance → test → entry 

61. Storage of materials

According to the characteristics of materials to be preserved, combined with local objective conditions and necessary measures are supplemented to meet the storage environment and formulate management methods. Reagents, drugs and consumables of low value used in the laboratory shall be submitted to the laboratory for storage and managed by the laboratory. Meanwhile, the laboratory shall report the storage to the warehouse management personnel regularly. The key points of material management in the warehouse are as follows:

(1) Quantity standard: the warehousing materials shall be measured, registered and signed on the material registration card., Make sure that the account card is consistent and the quantity is accurate.

(2) Clear specification and fixed locations: the inventory materials shall be stored separately according to the category and specification, with obvious marks, so as to ensure that they are not dirty and disordered; Special storage lock for precision instruments and equipment and precious materials; Small goods and materials should be placed five to five to facilitate counting, and a large number of goods and materials should be stored orderly in batches; Inflammable, explosive and highly toxic drugs should be kept in a special storeroom with double locks by two people according to regulations; Recycling waste materials should be strictly separated from purchased materials. The principle of material distribution is to use first in warehouse.

(3) Tidy storage: clean regularly, keep clean, and arrange materials in order and beauty. Manage them with scientific methods of "division classification, No. 4 positioning, standing cards and putting in May 5th five year plan".

(4) Carefully manage the temperature and humidity of air in the warehouse, switch doors and windows according to the performance and climate characteristics of materials and use various equipment that can control and adjust the temperature and humidity to keep the materials in the best environment.

(5) The work of mould prevention, insect prevention and rodent prevention should be regular. If necessary, use chemicals to prevent mildew and kill pests and mice.

(6) Do a good job of fire prevention, waterproof and anti-theft work. When off work, power off, fire-fighting and door and window closing shall be done. Special attention shall be paid to the spontaneous combustion conditions of items that can be self ignition, and fire shall be strictly prevented. If equipped with anti-theft alarm, check whether it is normal.

(7) Inventory of warehouse materials, regular inspection and inventory of inventory materials. If there is shortage or damage, deterioration, obsolete or invalid inventory, the amount shall be indicated, and also included in the property to be processed. At the same time, the reasons and responsibilities of the losses shall be identified and the account shall be cancelled after being approved by the factory director and handled according to the reasons and responsibilities.

62. Safety management of sewage treatment plant

The following principles should be followed:

a) In the daily operation and maintenance process, the safety management of sewage treatment plant must seriously implement the principle of "safety first, prevention first", create safe and sanitary labor conditions for all work, provide necessary labor protection articles in accordance with the national regulations for workers, and realize safe and civilized production.

b) The sewage treatment plant should take all possible measures to comprehensively strengthen safety management, safety technology and safety education to prevent accidents.

c) In addition to implementing and implementing the provisions, sewage treatment plants must strictly implement the laws, regulations, regulations and standards of occupational safety and health formulated by relevant departments of the state and local people's governments at the same time.

d) In the process of safety management, the responsibility system is implemented. The legal representative of the enterprise is the first person responsible for safety production and takes the overall leadership responsibility for safety production. And establish a safety production committee with the first person in charge of safety production as the core.

e) The safety production personnel have the responsibility, the enterprise staff must conscientiously fulfill their own safety production responsibilities, and fulfill their duties and responsibilities.

f) The staff of the whole plant, including contract workers and temporary workers, should firmly establish the idea of "safety first and prevention first". In their respective posts, they should take their respective responsibilities and take their responsibilities for safety work and do safety and safety prevention work seriously.

g) The new employees and the personnel transferred in the factory can enter the production post only after they pass the safety education examination of the factory Department. Only after the training of the factory Department has obtained the post qualification certificate can the post be operated.

h) Do not drink alcohol before going to work, and wear labor protection equipment according to post regulations before going to work.

i) During the work, we must stick to the post and do not leave their work to others without the approval of the leader.

j) All changes include process change, equipment change, management mode change, operator change, personnel involved in the change must be trained to ensure the safe operation after the change.

k) All rotating parts of mechanical equipment must be equipped with intact protective covers or guard rails. Operators shall prevent hair, clothing and cuff from being twisted in and injured when operating or approaching these parts. It is forbidden for irrelevant personnel to enter the high voltage transformer and distribution room and other areas.

l) All walkways of water pools shall be equipped with protective railings. Special attention shall be paid to the non slip falling into the pool in rainy, snow and ice-free climate.

m) All kinds of protective devices of equipment, alarm devices must be complete, accurate, sensitive and effective before they can be used.

n) The production area inside and outside the workshop should be kept clean and tidy to ensure that the safety passage and safety door are unblocked.

o) All kinds of safety facilities such as fire hydrant, fire hose, fire extinguisher, chlorine gas detector, chlorine gas absorption device, gas mask, gloves, first aid articles, etc. shall be kept in good performance and shall not be moved at will. In case of emergency, they shall be supplemented in time.

p) The speed of all kinds of motor vehicles driving on the main roads in the plant area shall not exceed 20 km per hour, and the speed of vehicles entering and leaving the gatepost and workshop shall not exceed 5km per hour.

q) The workers in continuous production shall strictly abide by the shift handover system. When the employees in non continuous work leave work, they shall cut off the power, fire source and gas source, and close the doors and windows on site, and then leave the site after ensuring the safety of the site.

r) In case of accident, the accident shall be dealt with immediately. For accidents not included in the accident, the case shall be handled according to the most similar accident. In case of personal accident, rescue immediately, protect the site and report to the factory Department in time. No accident clearance shall be carried out without the consent of the accident investigation team. For minor injury accidents, the factory department shall report to the company within 4 hours, and the factory department shall immediately report to the deputy general manager in charge of the company.

s) The visitors or group of visitors or groups who come to the factory for visit and study shall be accompanied by the factory department with the approval of the company. Each guest must wear the visiting certificate after entering the factory, return the visit certificate from the factory and register the time for visiting the factory. If the entrance contact work is made, the doorpost shall contact by telephones. After receiving the reception personnel 'approval, the reception personnel shall sign the reception certificate and return the meeting certificate after receiving the work, and then leave the factory after the gate post verifies.

t) All business departments, such as environmental protection, labor, fire protection, power supply, news media, etc., shall be approved by the company to issue inspection certificates, indicating the discipline of inspection, and received, reported and accompanied by relevant professionals of the factory Department.

u) The factory department shall rely on the company to prevent and control the unsafe factors caused by the external to the plant through the company's external work relationship.

v) All employees in the plant shall bear the safety responsibility within the scope of production responsibility at the same time. Therefore, each person shall be responsible for both production and safety. The production management system is the safety management system. The plant director shall bear the safety responsibility of the whole plant, the person in charge shall bear the direct responsibility and the operator shall bear the specific safety responsibility.

w) The report of safety hazards found in the inspection of production work of the whole plant shall be filled in. The safety hazards shall be in one-in-one form, in duplicate and one for filing. See Appendix 3, and the rectification opinions in sample table 10-1-1 are put forward, and the assistant of the plant director in charge shall organize the implementation and acceptance of the closure. For major hidden dangers difficult to solve by the factory Department, special report shall be made, report to the deputy general manager in charge of the company, assist the company in special inspection and technical appraisal, and formulate rectification plan implementation and close the case after acceptance.

x) Small accidents shall be investigated and treated by the factory Department (if no production accidents and minor injuries that do not cause the total flow stop of sewage treatment and direct economic loss less than 1000 yuan and the loss of 2 days caused by minor injury are less than 3 days), other accidents shall be reported to the company for treatment.

y) After the accident, regardless of the accident size, the factory department shall organize relevant professionals to conduct investigation and fill in the accident registration form (see Appendix 3, sample table 10-1-2). For small accidents, the factory department shall fill in the report on safety accident investigation (see Appendix 3, sample table 10-1-3), and deal with the accident after the accident, and dispose, file and copy the accident to the company, The company shall be responsible for filling in the report of safety accident investigation and handling the major accidents according to the company's instructions.

63. Management regulations on the use of PAM

PAM fixed point sealing storage; PAM should be clearly marked; During transportation, storage and dosing, operators must wear protective equipment.

64. Management regulations on the use of liquid chlorine

The following regulations shall be strictly observed during the use of liquid chlorine:

a. The use of chlorine must be approved by the public security, labor, environmental protection and other departments;

b. The user must pass the professional training and examination and obtain the special operation certificate;

c. The use site should be equipped with repair equipment according to the table below;

d. The use site shall be equipped with protective equipment as per the table below;

e. Before the chlorine dosing room is working, it is necessary to divide 5-10 minutes to make the chlorine content in the air of the workshop lower than the maximum allowable concentration of 1mg/m3;

f. The connection pad at the chlorine gas interface shall be asbestos plate, asbestos rubber plate, fluoroplastic, graphite impregnated asbestos rope, etc. rubber pad is strictly prohibited;

g. The cylinder used must have the technical inspection certificate and be within the validity period;

h. When using steel cylinders, weighing scales must be equipped with diaphragm pressure gauge, regulating valve and other devices;

i. It is strictly forbidden to put inflammables such as oil, cotton yarn and chlorine gas which is easy to react near the chlorine bottle;

j. The annealed copper pipe shall be used to connect the cylinder. The purple steel pipe shall be qualified through pressure test and in use

If the pipeline is blocked, it must be dredged with steel wire, and it is not allowed to flush with water;

k. Use special cylinder open spanner, open bottle valve to slow operation, close also can not force too strong or strong closing, do not use hammer to tap or use boiling water hot;

l. After the operation, the bottle valve must be closed immediately. In case of power failure during operation, the bottle valve shall be closed immediately to avoid water return;

m. Cylinders shall not be stored in the open air, exposed to sunlight, close to heat sources and stored in special warehouses;

n. Empty and full bottles must be listed and placed separately, and mixing is forbidden;

o. The full bottle storage period shall not exceed three months;

p. The steel cylinders of 500kg and 1000kg shall be placed horizontally, with passage reserved. When carrying, the cap and shock proof ring must be worn, and it is forbidden to impact;

q. Leakage and equipment hidden dangers shall be eliminated in time. In case of chlorine gas leakage, irrelevant personnel shall be evacuated immediately. Rescue workers, rescue personnel and rescue personnel must wear effective protective masks, and forced ventilation or chlorine absorption device shall be opened immediately to reduce the chlorine pollution concentration;

r. The protective articles shall be inspected regularly and replaced on schedule.

65. Principle of abolishment

The following principles should be followed in the disposal of protective articles: they do not conform to national or professional standards; It fails to meet the functional indicators stipulated by the superior labor protection supervision organization according to the relevant standards and regulations. If the product is damaged or exceeds the effective service life during the use or storage period, the minimum effective protection function index specified in the original provisions has not been reached after inspection.

66. Abandonment procedure

The procedure for the determination of waste protection articles is: the safety and technical institutions in the enterprise shall conduct spot check and inspection on the labor protection articles in the enterprise regularly or irregularly every year, and those requiring technical appraisal shall be sent to the inspection station of labor protection articles authorized by the state for inspection. Make a decision on the disposal of the waste. The labor protection articles after the judgment of waste shall not be used as labor protection articles.

67. Safety responsibilities of factory director (Manager)

a) To be fully responsible for the safety production of enterprises, we should firmly establish the idea of "safety first".

b) Strictly implement the national and superior policies, policies, laws, regulations, regulations and standards related to safety production, and accept safety education, training and assessment.

c) Establish and implement the safety production responsibility system.

d) Establish and improve the special management organization for safety production and enrich the full-time safety technical management personnel. Regularly listen to the safety work report and decide the important rewards and punishments of safety work.

e) Preside over the meeting of Safety Production Committee to study and solve major problems in safety production. For major accident hidden dangers that cannot be solved by the unit, it is necessary to report to the relevant departments at the higher level in time.

f) Examine and approve the safety production plan and annual plan, and determine the safety production objectives. Issue safety rules and regulations, safety technical regulations and post operation law. To approve major safety technical measures, to ensure the investment in safety production funds, to constantly improve the occupational safety and health status of enterprises and the working conditions of workers.

g) Adhere to the principle of "five Simultaneity" in production safety, that is, when planning, arranging, inspecting, summarizing and evalsuating production, plan, arrange, inspect, summarize and evalsuate safety work at the same time.

h) All levels of contract implemented in the enterprise and all contracts with foreign units must have the safety production responsibilities, safety management requirements and safety technical indicators, etc., and be seriously assessed and implemented.

i) Major accidents must be reported immediately according to relevant regulations. The principle of "four not to let go" should be adhered to in the handling of accidents (the causes of the accident are not cleared, the responsible persons of the accident have not been dealt with seriously, the majority of staff and workers have not been educated and the preventive measures have not been implemented).

j) The deputy factory director (Deputy Manager) shall be responsible for production safety within the scope of work designated by the factory director (Manager).

k) Check and assess the implementation of the safety production responsibility system of the deputy at the same level and the principal of the subordinate unit.

l) When the factory director (Manager) is absent, the manager shall perform the safety production responsibilities of the director (Manager).

m) Report the work safety and industrial hygiene to the workers' Congress every year.

68. Safety responsibilities of workers

a) Participate in safety activities, learn safety technology knowledge, strictly abide by the rules and regulations.

b) Carefully implement shift handover system. Before taking over, it is necessary to carefully check whether the equipment and safety facilities, tools and instruments of the post are complete and intact.

c) Observe discipline, carefully operate, strictly implement process regulations, safety technical regulations and operation laws. Keep the record clear, true and tidy, and keep the workplace clean.

d) Patrol inspection on time, accurately analyze, judge and deal with the abnormal situation in the production process.

e) Carefully maintain and maintain the equipment, properly handle the abnormal, report it in time and make a record carefully.

f) Correctly use and properly keep all kinds of labor protection articles, appliances and protective and fire-fighting equipment.

g) Do not operate against the rules and dissuade or stop others from operating against the rules; Have the right to refuse to carry out the illegal command and report to the leader in time.

69. Process piping system

It includes sewage pipeline, water supply pipeline, sludge pipeline, compressed air pipeline, chemical dosing pipeline and control gate and valve on each pipeline system.

70. Routine inspection of process piping system

The contents include: whether the pipeline has leakage; Whether the gate and valve are effective, especially whether the electric gate is affected with damp and failure; Pipeline support and fixation; Whether the pipeline system is well protected from corrosion; The self flowing pipeline shall be opened to check the siltation.

71. Routine maintenance of process piping system includes:

a) Daily cleaning of pipelines and support and fixing systems;

b) Fastening of pipeline, support and fixing system;

c) Lubrication;

d) Anti corrosion of pipelines and support and fixing systems;

e) If necessary, the rainwater and sewage pipes shall be dredged.

Maintenance of process pipeline system:

According to different pipeline systems, the pipeline, support, gate and valve shall be overhauled or replaced according to the plan and actual conditions.

72. Rainwater and sewage collection system

Rainwater system refers to the rainwater collection system within the scope of sewage treatment plant, including rainwater wells and rainwater collection pipelines; Sewage system refers to the sewage collection system within the scope of sewage treatment plant.

The routine inspection work of rainwater and sewage collection system includes: collecting pipeline siltation depth; The well covers and shafts of rainwater and sewage collection wells are in good condition; Pipeline corrosion.

Routine maintenance of rainwater and sewage collection system includes: pipeline desilting; Replacement of damaged covers of rainwater collection wells and sewage inspection wells.

73. Solid waste management

The principles of reducing the generation of solid waste, making full use of solid waste and harmless treatment of solid waste should be followed.

Regulations on solid waste management of sewage treatment plant: domestic solid waste shall be piled up in a centralized way (in dustbin) and sent to the local sanitation station for centralized collection and treatment; The sludge produced by the desilting of the sewage pipe of the plant should be sent to the suction tank of the inlet pump station; It is necessary to prevent environmental pollution in the process of transportation.